In litigation, questions often center on how an algorithm behaved under real-world conditions and whether it contributed to unlawful outcomes. Econ One economists and experts apply microeconomic theory, industrial organization, and behavioral modeling to test how users, competitors, and market participants respond to algorithmic decisions. By simulating incentive-compatible strategies, adversarial behavior, demand shocks, and market-wide interactions, we reveal risks and causal pathways that traditional machine-learning validation does not capture. These analyses inform key questions around impact, harm, competitive effects, foreseeability, and the algorithm’s role in producing the challenged outcomes.

When algorithms become the focus of investigations, class actions, or regulatory inquiries, Econ One provides the technical and economic expertise required to support plaintiffs or defendants. Our experts evaluate algorithmic causation, quantify damages, and investigate allegations of price fixing, discrimination, collusion, unfair practices, or consumer harm. We prepare clear technical narratives, expert reports, declarations, and demonstratives that stand up to cross-examination and regulatory scrutiny. Our team has extensive experience explaining highly complex code, models, and data systems in a manner accessible to judges, juries, enforcement agencies, and opposing experts.